Musculoskeletal Questions 4

Which is not a component of the fluid phase?:

H2O
K+
Ca2+
Glycosaminoglycan

Which is not true of recently unloaded cartilage:
An osmotic pressure gradient draws water into the cartilage
The cartilage swells until tensional force = swelling force
Negatively glycosaminoglycan draw ions into the cartilage
The amount of fluid phase in the cartilage is maximal

Which is not a function of the loading cycle?:
Stopping the joint from jarring
Finely adjusting the surface of the joint
Allowing growth
Delivering nutrients to the chondrocytes


You fall over and damage your knee joint so that pale yellow synovial fluid squirts out over the pavement, feeling pain due to the nerves in the fibrous layer and seeing the white articular cartilage. Which word should be amended in the statement?
Yellow
Squirt
Fibrous
White

What is not true of the synovial membrane?
It has 3 distinct layers
It is an inner layer of loose connective tissue
It lines the joint cavity's all non-articular surfaces
It has a variable thickness

What is not true of the joint cavity?
There is rarely more than 1ml of synovial fluid within it
The peripheral margins are filled in by villi of the synovial membrane
It is a large cavity
It sits between the articulating surfaces


Which is not true of the fibrous layer
None of the above
It consists of an outer layer of dense connective tissue and attending fibroblasts
It has a variable thickness
It has no nerves

Muscles are not involved in
Communication
Movement and Stability
Homeostatic control
Hormonal release

The origin of a muscle is not
A fascicle
Usually Axial
The part that moves the least during a movement.
Usually proximal


Which cell type is not found in the fibrous layer?
Fibroblasts
Nerves
Adipocytes
Erythrocytes

Which is not a junction?
Myotendinous
Osteotendinous
Myoosteous
Osteochondral



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