Musculoskeletal Questions 4

Which is not a component of the fluid phase?:

Ca2+
Glycosaminoglycan
K+
H2O

Which is not true of recently unloaded cartilage:
The cartilage swells until tensional force = swelling force
An osmotic pressure gradient draws water into the cartilage
The amount of fluid phase in the cartilage is maximal
Negatively glycosaminoglycan draw ions into the cartilage

Which is not a function of the loading cycle?:
Delivering nutrients to the chondrocytes
Finely adjusting the surface of the joint
Allowing growth
Stopping the joint from jarring


You fall over and damage your knee joint so that pale yellow synovial fluid squirts out over the pavement, feeling pain due to the nerves in the fibrous layer and seeing the white articular cartilage. Which word should be amended in the statement?
Fibrous
Squirt
White
Yellow

What is not true of the synovial membrane?
It is an inner layer of loose connective tissue
It has a variable thickness
It has 3 distinct layers
It lines the joint cavity's all non-articular surfaces

What is not true of the joint cavity?
It is a large cavity
There is rarely more than 1ml of synovial fluid within it
It sits between the articulating surfaces
The peripheral margins are filled in by villi of the synovial membrane


Which is not true of the fibrous layer
It consists of an outer layer of dense connective tissue and attending fibroblasts
None of the above
It has no nerves
It has a variable thickness

Muscles are not involved in
Hormonal release
Homeostatic control
Movement and Stability
Communication

The origin of a muscle is not
The part that moves the least during a movement.
Usually Axial
Usually proximal
A fascicle


Which cell type is not found in the fibrous layer?
Erythrocytes
Adipocytes
Nerves
Fibroblasts

Which is not a junction?
Myoosteous
Osteotendinous
Myotendinous
Osteochondral



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