Musculoskeletal Questions 4

Which is not a component of the fluid phase?:

H2O
Ca2+
K+
Glycosaminoglycan

Which is not true of recently unloaded cartilage:
An osmotic pressure gradient draws water into the cartilage
Negatively glycosaminoglycan draw ions into the cartilage
The cartilage swells until tensional force = swelling force
The amount of fluid phase in the cartilage is maximal

Which is not a function of the loading cycle?:
Stopping the joint from jarring
Delivering nutrients to the chondrocytes
Finely adjusting the surface of the joint
Allowing growth


You fall over and damage your knee joint so that pale yellow synovial fluid squirts out over the pavement, feeling pain due to the nerves in the fibrous layer and seeing the white articular cartilage. Which word should be amended in the statement?
Fibrous
Squirt
Yellow
White

What is not true of the synovial membrane?
It has 3 distinct layers
It is an inner layer of loose connective tissue
It has a variable thickness
It lines the joint cavity's all non-articular surfaces

What is not true of the joint cavity?
It is a large cavity
There is rarely more than 1ml of synovial fluid within it
It sits between the articulating surfaces
The peripheral margins are filled in by villi of the synovial membrane


Which is not true of the fibrous layer
It consists of an outer layer of dense connective tissue and attending fibroblasts
None of the above
It has no nerves
It has a variable thickness

Muscles are not involved in
Communication
Hormonal release
Movement and Stability
Homeostatic control

The origin of a muscle is not
A fascicle
Usually proximal
The part that moves the least during a movement.
Usually Axial


Which cell type is not found in the fibrous layer?
Adipocytes
Fibroblasts
Nerves
Erythrocytes

Which is not a junction?
Myotendinous
Osteotendinous
Myoosteous
Osteochondral



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